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γ-polyglutamic acid is a naturally occurring biopolymer made of single glutamic acid, which was initially identified as the main constituent of the Bacillus anthracis capsule. γ-polyglutamic acid encompasses γ-(D)-polyglutamic acid, γ-(L)-polyglutamic acid, and γ-(D,L)-polyglutamic acid as a broad term. Researchers are interested in γ-polyglutamic acid because of its water solubility, edibility, and environmental friendliness as a polypeptide. γ-polyglutamic acid has shown promise in recent decades for use in a variety of industries, including food, agriculture, biodegradable polymers, cosmetics, etc.

Similar to hyaluronic acid and glycerin, γ-polyglutamic acid is used in skincare to help the skin retain moisture by absorbing it from the air. Furthermore, γ-polyglutamic acid's chemistry makes it chemically stable and homogeneously miscible in a matrix of substances commonly found in face creams.

A γ-polyglutamic acid hydrogel can be created by irradiating polyglutamic acid with gamma radiation. The hydrogel's physicochemical characteristics enable it to absorb five times its weight in water, meaning that hydrogels have the potential to replace glycerin in cosmetic formulations. Furthermore, γ-polyglutamic acid can be added to hair to strengthen it and shield it from bleaching-related damage.